Filtration as a sample concentration method of water samples Research Paper

Filtration as a sample concentration method of water samples - Research Paper Example In conclusion, the paper finds that filtration is vastly used in the concentration of environmental water samples for water quality testing. Water is an essential constituent of life. In fact, human beings cannot do without water. Water is a biological, physical, and chemical component that bears a huge influence on life as it is known on Earth. Hence, researchers from diverse fields have sought to come up with ways to manipulate water in order to achieve certain aims that are beneficial to life. However, in the process of the day-to-day activities, human beings have polluted water by dumping waste into it. In addition, varying microorganisms that are harmful to human health tend to exist in contaminated water. These microorganisms are the reason why microbiologists spend a huge part of their time, resources, and knowledge into devising ways through which contaminated water can be purified and declared fit for human consumption. The main aim being to protect the health of human being s. Thus, microbiologists have developed various techniques that are utilized to recuperate microorganisms from water samples. One such method is filtration. In environmental microbiology, filtration is used as a sample concentration method to recover microorganisms. It is duly applied in water quality analysis. Hence, the paper seeks to describe what researchers have found in regard to filtration as a sample concentration method for water quality analysis.

Do cell phones cause cancer Review the science about the potential Essay

Do cell phones cause cancer Review the science about the potential hazard to human health - Essay Example hildren and adults, and the actuality that these phones emit radio- frequency waves, researchers and health specialists have raised concern about the safety of cellular phone utilization. With regard to cancer, the focus is on whether the users of cell phones are more prone to the risk of brain tumors and other tumors in the neck and head area. The radio frequency waves from cell phone are given off through the antenna. The nearer the cell phone is held to the head, the closer the antenna and a greater exposure to radio frequency energy of the person using the cell phone. A number of factors affect the quantity of radio frequency waves absorbed by the brain, including: total time the person spends on phone, as different phones emit different amount of waves therefore the model of phone being used, how close the phone is held to the head, and the amount of cell phones a specific area at the time. Public health specialists and researchers throughout the world are busy in vigorous discussions concerning whether radiation from the cell phones lead to brain cancer or not. The early studies of short term cell phone use did not find any evidence for augmented risk of brain cancer, but the studies conducted for long-term cell phone utilization, have instituted a greater risk of developing two types of brain cancers on the ipsilateral side, that is, the side of brain on which the mobile phone is mostly held. The two types of cancers are: A multinational case-control study was developed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), in the late 1990s. It was named â€Å"INTERPHONE† and its purpose was to attend to rising public concerns about the safety of cell phones which were becoming very strong. The objective of the INTERPHONE case study was to look into and determine whether the radio frequency radiations which are emitted by the cell phones are carcinogenic. Thirteen countries were participants of this project and the study took place from year 2000 to